An Indonesian Muslim, who declared himself to be a prophet after Mohammed, went on trial on Wednesday, charged with religious blasphemy, an offence punishable by up to five years in prison.

Ahmad Moshaddeq, the leader of outlawed Muslim sect al-Qiyadah al-Islamiyah, is accused inciting public hostility and tarnishing the image of Indonesia's dominant religion.

Chief prosecutor Muchamad Muhadjir said in his indictment that Mushaddeq had claimed himself the prophet and told his followers there was no requirement for them to go on a haj to Mecca, nor to pray five times each day.

In September 2007, the Indonesian Council of Ulemas, the country's highest authority on Islam, declared al-Qiyahad a 'misguided' sect, saying it had defied one of Islam's six pillars of faith and followed teachings that run counter to mainstream Islamic beliefs.

In November, Mushaddeq and several disciples surrendered themselves to Jakarta city police after angry Muslims vandalized a building used by the sect for meditation. Also in November, Indonesian authorities issued a ban against the group, estimated to have about 40,000 followers in the country.

An Indonesian court has sentenced an Islamic sect leader to four years in prison for "blasphemy".

Abdul Salam, who founded the Islamic sect al-Qiyadah al-Islamiah in 2000, was arrested last year after the Indonesian Ulema Council, the country's authority on Islam, declared the group heretical.

Salam has declared himself a prophet and has not required his followers to pray, fast during the month of Muslim holy month of Ramadan, or perform the Haj pilgrimage, three of the five pillars of Islam, the prosecutor said.

The chief judge trying the case at the South Jakarta district court said Salam, also known as Ahmad Mosaddeq, was guilty of: deliberately committing acts which are blasphemous to the religion. Throughout the trial the defendant did not admit even once that what he did was wrong.

Salam smiled after the verdict was read out, while radical Muslims fiercely opposed to his teachings shouted "Allahu Akbar" (God is Great).

Salam's supporters, who filled the court's gallery, sang chants of praise for him.

The Indonesian government has announced state repression of followers of the minority Ahmadiyah sect.

In the decree, the Ahmadiyah are warned they risk five years in jail if they do not stop spreading unorthodox beliefs and return to mainstream Islam.

The Indonesian constitution supposedly guarantees freedom of religion.

This latest move is widely seen as bowing to Islamic hardliners, who have stepped up a sometimes violent campaign against the nation's 200,000 Ahmadiyah.

Last week dozens of pro-tolerance demonstrators were attacked by members of a militant Islamic group - and on Monday several thousand hardline Muslims again took to the streets in support of banning the sect.

The Ahmadiyah have views that are seen as controversial by mainstream Islamic society. A widespread belief among sect members is that their founder, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, was the final prophet of Islam - and not Muhammad.

The religious affairs minister made the long-awaited announcement in a joint decree with the country's interior minister and attorney general. The text of the decree orders the sect to stop spreading interpretations and activities which deviate from the principal teachings of Islam, reported the news agency AFP.

Thousands of Muslims swamped the main streets of Indonesia's capital to pressure the president to ban a minority Islamic sect branded "deviant" by clerics.

More than 4,000 protesters gathered outside Jakarta's presidential palace before setting off in a motorcycle convoy to police headquarters to demand the government ban Ahmadiyah and free radicals jailed over violence early this month.

A speaker accused the sect of "staining Islam" and demanded President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono issue a decree banning the organisation. We ask first that Ahmadiyah repent, return to Islam or make a new religion. If they don't want to do that then they must be broken up," said Mohammed Alwi, a student.

The protest comes after the government earlier this month ordered Ahmadiyah, which has peacefully practised its faith in Indonesia since the 1920s, to stop spreading its belief that Mohammed was not the last prophet.

The ministerial decree stopped short of the ban demanded by Muslim leaders after the country's top Islamic body issued a fatwa describing the sect as "deviant."

Indonesian police were holding the head of a Muslim cult on a preliminary charge of blasphemy after allegations that the group held rituals involving sex orgies and adultery, a police spokesman said.

Agus Imam Solihin, head of the Satria Piningit Weteng Buwono sect, gave himself up to police last week after a raid on the cult's house. A former sect member accused the leader of proclaiming himself God and holding the bizarre sex rituals, Jakarta police spokesman Zulkarnain Adinegara said.

Authorities in Indonesia had been investigating the sect and police said Solihin faces five years jail if found guilty of blasphemy.

The leader of an Indoenesian religious group went on trial for blasphemy, with prosecutors accusing him of forcing the group members to perform ritual orgies and banning his followers from observing Muslim prayers.

Agus Imam Solihin has incited hatred and committed blasphemous acts against one of the religions observed in Indonesia, the prosecutors said, reading out the indictment at the South Jakarta District Court.

The defendant has claimed to the followers that he was the manifestation of God after he received spiritual guidance from the country’s first president, Sukarno, in a dream in 1999, the indictment says.

The cult, known as Satria Piningit Weteng Buwono, had 35 followers, including five couples and their children.

Sometime in 2003 at his residence in South Jakarta, Agus forced four couples to perform sex orgies witnessed by him and two teenage girls, with an aim to test the couples’ loyalty to the defendant, said prosecutor Deddy Sukarno.

The teachings by the Satrio Piningit Weteng Buwono group deviate from Islamic teachings, and therefore could potentially incite hatred and hostility, says the indictment.

Cult leader Lia Aminuddin or better known as Lia Eden has been sentenced to two and a half years in jail by a local court for religious blasphemy, Kompas.com reported.

Presiding judge Subachran said Lia had violated Article 156a of the Criminal Code on religious blasphemy.

The court found Lia guilty of religious blasphemy and incitement of hatred among religious adherents by proselytizing her religion - which she named God's Kingdom of Eden - and delivering her messages to thousands of government institutions, including the Presidential Palace.

The defendant did not show any remorse. This is the second time she has been tried for religious blasphemy. The court hereby sentences Lia Eden to two years and six months in prison, said Judge Subachran during the trial.

Lia's follower Wahyu Wibisono was sentenced to two years in prison for writing Lia's religious concept, lighter than the prosecutor demand of two and a half years imprisonment. Subachran said Wahyu got a lighter sentence due to his young age and zero criminal record.

Lia began proselytizing publicly in 1997, writing songs, poetry and books. She has also called herself the Virgin Mary and her son Ahmad Mukti, Jesus Christ. Her followers have named the religion Salamullah, and declared all religions truthful.

Her religion has drawn attention because not only does she require her acolytes to dress in white from top to toe, but they must also wear white plastic halos on their heads.

Police have arrested a leader of the Sion City of Allah Christian sect and his six followers in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, suspected of blasphemy.

They were charged under Article 156 of the Criminal Code on blasphemy. Police seized six robes of various colors, six scarf used as belts, two bibles and several songbooks from the suspects.

According to the police, the sect's doctrines deviated from Christian teachings, and the sect only based its teachings on the book of Jeremiah.

A police spokesman said the sect banned its members from attending church on Sunday and from paying their condolences: They believe people should not take care of the dead.

The Timor evangelical church praying group chairman Melkianus Adoe said the Sion City of Allah sect was illegal since its liturgies deviated from Christianity teachings: The group is categorized as illegal since the liturgy is deviant from Christianity. I support the legal process conducted by the police. If the sect was found committing blasphemy, they should be processed according to the law.

The National Alliance for the Freedom of Religion and Faith (AKKBB) has planned to file a request with the Constitutional Court to review the 1965 blasphemy law which they say is discriminatory and against the amended 1945 Constitution that guarantees freedom of religion in the country.

The alliance said the law had raised a public outcry and triggered sectarian conflicts as people were required to accept only the six official religions - Islam, Catholic, Christian, Buddhist, Hindu and Kong Hu Chu - and those with different faiths were branded heretics.

We are in the process of completing the necessary documents to be given to the Constitutional Court, AKKBB coordinator Anick Hamim Tohari said here last week.

The 1965 law on the prevention of religion abuse and blasphemy stipulates that no one is allowed make interpretations deviating from the official religions' teachings. Anick, executive director of ICRP too, said the alliance had formed a small team who was still preparing the judicial review proposal and supporting documentation.

Ahmadiyah and Lia Eden were two Muslim communities that have been rejected because their teaching and doctrine were different to what has been designated official Islamic teaching and doctrine. Many mosques belonging to the two communities have been burned down and their followers displaced from their villages in the West Java regencies of Bogor, Sukabumi and Kuningan, and Lombok in West Nusa Tenggara.

Our constitution guarantees religious freedom. All religious groups deserve equal treatment. Therefore, this law which gives the government the power to intervene in religious matters must be annulled, Anick said, referring to the 2008 joint ministerial decree barring Ahmadiyah from disseminating its teaching.

A group of Indonesian NGOs concerned with religious freedom and democracy has filed a judicial review request at the Constitutional Court, asking the judges to review articles of the 1965 Blasphemy Law, which they deemed to discriminate against certain religious groups. The group calls itself the Advocacy Alliance for Freedom of Religion.

A lawyer for the group, Choirul Anam, told The Jakarta Post that Law No.1/1965 on Prevention of Religious Abuse and Blasphemy had raised a public outcry and triggered sectarian conflicts as the law required people to accept only the five official religions - Islam, Catholic, Protestants, Buddhism and Hindu. Confucianism was recognized later, thanks to Gus Dur.

The law *considers' those with different faiths to be heretics. This is discriminatory and against the democratic spirit adopted by the country today, which should strongly protect the freedom of faith, Anam said: Our constitution guarantees religious freedom. All religious groups deserve equal treatment. Therefore, this law, which gives the government the power to intervene in religious matters, must be annulled.

The alliance asked the panel of judges at the court to review three out of five articles on the law.

Articles 28 and 29 guarantee the equality of all citizens, including those with faiths outside the six religions, Anam said: Yet Article 1 on the law stipulates that no one is allowed to make interpretations deviating from the official religions' teachings. This is not right. Interpretations of certain religions are people's rights, Anam said.

The first trial will be held Feb. 4, hearing opinions from representatives of the government and the House of Representatives.

Update: Petition Rejected

27th February 2010. Based on article from thejakartaglobe.com

Constitutional Court chief Mahfud MD refused to accept a petition against annulling a blasphemy law because the petition's organizers — several Islamic boarding schools and a forum of Muslim leaders from Madura — had supposedly not followed proper procedures.

They arrived as a delegation, Mahfud said. I received them and spoke with them. However, such aspirations must be conveyed during court proceedings, inside a courtroom, and not directly to a judge, he said.

The 1965 Law on the Prevention of Blasphemy and Abuse of Religion is currently the subject of a judicial review after it was challenged by the late President Abdurrahman Wahid last year on the grounds it was being misused to intimidate minority religions.

The review applicants have requested that the court hear testimony from W Cole Durham Jr, a human rights and religious freedom advocate from Brigham Young University in the United States, Mahfud said.

He said the petition organizers had argued the law should not be annulled because matters of religious blasphemy would fail to be legally regulated. The public would then resort to using their own version of the law [street justice], which would be chaotic. Actually, this opinion has been presented in previous hearings, Mahfud said.

The judicial review was filed by several people and organizations, including Wahid. According to Choirul Anam, a lawyer representing the applicants, the law is unconstitutional because it only recognizes six religions: Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism. The law bans people from publicly espousing other religious views or following non-mainstream interpretations of one of the state-sanctioned religions, he said.

Heated debate and cries from a rowdy crowd marked the hearing in the judicial review of the 1965 Blasphemy Law, as leaders of the hardline Islamic Defenders Front and the conservative Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia took to the podium at the Constitutional Court to deliver their arguments in support of the law.

Packed with people wearing the uniforms of the Islamic Defenders Front, also known as the FPI, and Arabic-style outfits, the courtroom was filled with shouts of joy each time an Islamic leader took to the stand in support of the law, and jeers for plaintiffs who supported the review of the law.

Outside the courtroom at least 100 people from a number of conservative Islamic groups, calling themselves part of the Islamic People's Forum (FUI), declared that they were against the judicial review, saying it was an effort by the court to harass Islam.

Indonesian law recognizes only six religions: Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Confucianism. All others are officially banned.

This hearing was the sixth in the review process.

Blasphemy law violates women's rights: Commission

Based on article from thejakartapost.com

The law on blasphemy tramples on the rights of women, the National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) testified in the judicial review of the 1965 law.

Commission chairwoman Yunianti Chuzzifah told the Constitutional Court her organization had received several reports from women who had been discriminated against because they were followers of religious sects and traditional beliefs not officially recognized by the government.

The implementation of the 1965 Blasphemy Law ... violates women's constitutional right not to be discriminated against, Yunianti said.

Female members of some faiths and beliefs that aren't recognized by the state can't obtain an ID card unless they list one of the official religions [on the ID], which is done against their will.

Yunianti said many women from these unrecognized faiths had also been deprived of the right to a registered marriage: Children borne from the union are denied birth certificates because the mother isn't considered an individual before the law. As the result, the children are denied the right to an education, or worse, suffer the stigma of being labeled illegitimate children.

Her testimony was met with loud jeers from the gallery, mostly members of hard-line Islamic groups. The Ahmadiyah are deemed heretics by mainstream Muslims for recognizing sect founder Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as a prophet.

A judicial review of Indonesia's blasphemy law turned ugly when two members of two hard-line Islamic groups roughed up two lawyers acting for groups who want the law scrapped.

According to this report, several members of the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) and the Islamic Defenders Army (Laskar Pembela Islam) grabbed the lawyers and tried to persuade them to withdraw from the hearing.

Nurkholis Hidayat, a member of the legal team, said: The mob kicked my legs while talking me into doing what they wanted. His colleague, Uli Parulian Sihombing, received similar treatment.

Several people immediately produced cameras and mobile phones to take pictures of the bully-boy tactics. This ignited further rage among the hard-liners. They crowded around three men who were seen taking pictures and yelled at them: Erase the pictures!

Earlier, Indonesia's Minister of Religious Affairs Suryadharma Ali, warned of social breakdown if the law was to be abolished: People, figures, could establish new religions, declare new prophets, new angels.

The Indonesian Constitutional Court has ruled to uphold the repressive Blasphemy Law, a decision that plaintiffs said was mainly based on fears of a public backlash.

With only one dissenting judge, the court argued that the law is still needed to maintain public order among religious groups.

If the Blasphemy Law was scrapped before a new law was enacted … it was feared that misuses and contempt of religion would occur and trigger conflicts in society, Constitutional justice Akil Mochtar claimed.

The dissenting opinion came from justice Maria Farida Indrati, who said the 1965 law had many shortcomings relating to the fundamental amendments on human rights in the Constitution: With the many problems that have often triggered arbitrary actions in the implementation of this law … I think that the petition should have been granted.

A plaintiff, Poengky Indarti of Imparsial (The Indonesian Human Rights Monitor), said the dictatorship of the majority has contributed [to the decision]. It is very disappointing that the Constitutional Court, which is supposed to be the guardian of the constitution, is not doing its job well.

The verdict reading invoked a cry of joy in the courtroom, with dozens of supporters from various Islamic groups shouting Allahu Akbar! [Allah is great] the moment presiding judge Mahfud MD declared the petition was turned down.

The panel of judges said it had decided to take a middle course as suggested by a court expert, noted scholar Jalaludin Rakhmat, to give an official interpretation of the law without repealing it. This interpretation includes giving new meaning to the explanation of Article 1 in the law, which states that aside from acknowledging six religions, the state leaves alone followers of other religions.

The phrase 'leaves alone' has to be interpreted as [their followers not being] obstructed and even given the right to flourish and thrive; it cannot be interpreted as 'ignored', judge Muhammad Alim said.

An Indonesian court has jailed a 70-year-old man who claimed to have been to heaven twice and declared himself a prophet. The sentence handed down was one year in jail

Bakri Abdullah was arrested in October last year and charged under the country's blasphemy law.

He reportedly told his small group of followers that he had ascended from a mountain into heaven in 1975 and again in 1997.

His claims eventually angered his neighbours on the Muslim island of Lombok, who reported him to police.

Indonesian police have arrested an American man for blasphemy after he pulled the plug on a loudspeaker at a mosque because it woke him up.

Luke Lloyd was taken into custody after he disrupted a nightly Koran reading session near his home on Lombok island which was being broadcast over the mosque's loudspeaker.

The incident happened on August 22 and Lloyd has been under police guard at a hotel ever since, pending further investigations.

He could face five years in jail under the country's blasphemy laws.

Update: Lop Sided 'Justice'

2nd October 2010. Based on article from thejakartaglobe.com

Luke Lloyd will appear in court within two or three days on charges of blasphemy against Islam, police said.

The charges stem from an incident on Aug. 22 in which police said Lloyd entered a mosque near his house in Kuta, turned down the volume on its speakers and insulted Islam.

Luke was later attacked by a mob and his home and its contents destroyed.

Nurkholis, head of general crimes at the local persecutors' office, confirmed it had received the case file: Within two or three days, the US citizen will appear in court on two charges, he said.

The first is blasphemy and the second is disorderly conduct. That latter charge is because he is alleged to have unplugged and damaged the mosque's microphone, which worshippers used for reciting the Koran.

The nature of the blasphemy charge remains unclear. A blasphemy conviction can carry up to five years in jail.

Police have predictably not charged anyone with the destruction of Lloyd's property, estimated at Rp 200 million

An Indonesian court has sentenced a US retiree to five months in jail for blasphemy for pulling the plug on a mosque's loudspeaker.

The August 22 incident during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan resulted in Gregory Luke needing a police escort from his home on Lombok island as a mob tore it to pieces around him.

He was found guilty of committing blasphemy, carrying out an act of violence and hampering people in Kute village from doing their religious activities, chief judge Suhartoyo told a court in Praya, Lombok.

The verdict was two months lighter than the jail term sought by prosecutors a day earlier. The Indonesian criminal code stipulates that an act of blasphemy carries a maximum five-year jail term.

Setting out mitigating circumstances, the judge said: The defendant has never committed a crime before, acted politely during the trial and expressed regret for his act. He also participated in promoting tourism here.

In comments to local media, he has said he went to the mosque to ask for the volume to be turned down and was set upon by a group of local youths, who pushed him to the ground and pelted him with rocks.

A mob then chased him to his home and ransacked it as police looked on, apparently unable to intervene, he said. No one has been charged with any offence related to the mob attack on his house.

Hundreds of rmuslims stormed a courthouse and set two churches on fire in Indonesia's Central Java province to protest what they said was the lenient sentence for a Christian accused of blasphemy.

Antonius Bawengan was found guilty of distributing books and leaflets that spread hatred about Islam and sentenced to five years in prison for blasphemy.

The protesters shouted that the man should have been sentenced to death.

Police fired into the air to disperse the crowd, who also burned several vehicles and threw stones at a third church and a school.

Authorities in Indonesia's West Java have issued a decree which severely limits the activities of a small Islamic sect called the Ahmadiyah. Recently the government has been under pressure from hardliners to ban the sect completely.

The province of West Java is home to Indonesia's largest community of Ahmadis, but there are estimated to be more than 200,000 throughout the country.

The local authorities want them to limit their activities, take down signs identifying their mosques and schools, and ideally to 're-educate' and integrate themselves within mainstream Islam.

They are even encouraging other people in the area to spy on what the Ahmadis are doing.

Lawyers for the Ahmadiyah say the decree violates a law protecting people's rights to worship how they choose.

But hardline Islamic groups say the order is perfectly legal, claiming that the sect's beliefs deviate from the tenets of Islam and therefore violate the country's rules against blasphemy.

Hardline Islamic groups want the  Ahmadiyah sect to be banned, they say it deviates from the tenets of Islam, and therefore has no place in Indonesian society.

Over the past few months these hardliners have become increasingly vocal in their demands, holding rallies in central Jakarta and airing their views in the media.

In February, a violent mob bludgeoned three Ahmadis to death. Since then, houses and mosques have been attacked and protesters have vowed to escalate the violence if they do not get their way.

And it is not just hardliners who want the Ahmadiyah disbanded. In TV talk-shows and internet chat-rooms, it is obvious that an increasing number of Indonesians would like to see an end to the Ahmadiyah in their country.

Even the local authorities are making life difficult for them. In common with some other provinces, officials in West Java - which includes the city of Bogor - have recently issued a new set of decrees restricting the Ahmadiyah's activities. The Ahmadiyah are not allowed to promote any of their activities, or convert anyone to their faith. They are also being encouraged to attend meetings to re-integrate themselves into mainstream Islam.

Ahmadiyah muslims believe that their founder was a latter day prophet who continued teaching from where Muhammad left off. But mainstream muslims insist that Muhammad was the last prophet, and that belief in a latter day prophet is nothing short of blasphemy.

Nasarudin Umar, the religious ministry's director general for Islamic guidance, said he wanted to explore other measures before banning the Ahmadiyah. We're asking Islamic groups, clerics and experts to give comprehensive guidance to both Ahmadiyah members and mainstream Muslims. We believe that the more they understand their religion, the more co-operative they'll be. In terms of whether the Ahmadiyah should be banned, we're still studying whether it will be the best.

Other officials, though, including the religious affairs minister Suryadharma Ali,  have already decided that the sect should be disbanded.

An Indonesian civil servant who moderates a Facebook page for atheists says he has been beaten and could face dismissal and even jail for blasphemy.

The man named Aleander, told the Jakarta Globe a group of men waylaid him and beat him Wednesday when he reached his office at the Dharmasraya Development Planning Board.

Dharmasraya Police Chief Chairul Aziz said Alexander is in protective custody.

Alexander said he was an observant Muslim until 2008. But he came to the conclusion that there could not be a god because of the disaster in the world. He recently posted God does not exist on the Facebook page of the Minang Atheists.

The West Sumatra Coordinating Agency to Supervise Religion and Beliefs and the Ministry of Religious Affairs will recommend whether to prosecute Alexander, Chairul said. The maximum term for blasphemy is five years.

A Muslim intolerant in West Sumatra said that if Alexander does not repent and join one of Indonesia's six officially recognized religions he should be fired.

Update: Charged

28th January 2012. See article from abcnews.go.com

Police chief Colonel Chairul Azis, says Aan has now been charged because he used the social networking site to spread beliefs that violate the law. He says Aan also lied on his job application by claiming he was Muslim.